Management is the process of coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively. (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg & Coulter, 2012) Every organisation need people to operate, organisation will not exist if without people. Managers help to coordinate activities of the non-managerial employees and lead organisations to succeed. Since the management is important to an organisation, many writers develop the theories regarding of the management to improve organisation s’ performance. By describing the manager’s works, it can be divided into management functions, roles and skills. Henri Fayol (1988) proposed that managers perform planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling associated with their works. (Chapman, 2001) While for nowadays, commanding and coordinating are developed into leading function. (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg & Coulter, 2012) The managerial roles which are interpersonal, informational and decisional roles are suggested by Henry Mintzberg. Technical, human and conceptual skills are also important proposed by Robert L. Katz. (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg & Coulter, 2012) Throughout this essay, readers can understand what are the manager’s functions, roles and skills in different hierarchical level of interviewed managers (Ms Y and Mr X). Further, the concept of “universality of management” relevant to the interviewed managers will be discussed in this essay.
The first manager interviewed in this task is Ms Y. She is a key account manager works in a pharmaceutical company, which is a large sized private organisation in service sector. Ms Y operates as a first-line manager, she involves in managing employees and servicing the organisation’s customers. Ms Y s’ managerial tasks includes monitoring, motivating and arranging works to the employees. Following by the second manager, Mr X, who works as a senior accounting manager in a medium-s...